The Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms Of Dementia

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), first described and named after Dr Alois Alzheimer in 1906, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, neuropathologically characterised by gross cerebral atrophy, extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (Zetterberg Mattsson, (2014). Clinically, AD is characterised by memory loss, cognitive impairment and behavioural and psychological changes (Carter, Resnick, Mallampalli Kalbarczyk, 2012). The Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) have a significant impact on the quality of life of the person with dementia and the caregiver (Rouch et al, 2014). The existence and intensity of the BPSD has a greater negative impact on caregivers then the actual cognitive decline (Rouch et al, 2014). AD is the most common cause of dementia and accounts of 60 – 80% of all dementia cases (Carter et al, 2012). AD is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects approximately 300 000 people in Australia and is expected to rise to 1 million people by 2050 (Creegan, Hunt, McManus Smith, 2015). Over the next 5 years, direct cost to the healthcare system is expected to rise from $3.2 billion to $6 billion (Creegan et al, 2015). Globally it is estimated that by 2050, one in eighty-five individuals will be suffering from AD (Creegan et al, 2015). Women are disproportionately affected by the disease, with almost two thirds of Americans with AD being women (Carter et al, 2012). The first keyShow MoreRelatedThe Common Types Of Dementia1013 Words   |  5 PagesDementia can be defined as a decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life (alz.org). More than often, individuals affected by dementia are over the age of 65. In the United States, there are more than three million cases of dementia each year. According to World Health Organization, the number of people living with dementia is currently estimated at 47.5 million worldwide and is expected to increase to 75.6 million by 2030 (World Health Organization 2015). Dementia is causedRead MoreInfluence Of Mental Health And Families, Friends, And Other Close Personal Relationships1585 Words   |  7 Pageshealth and families, friends, and other close personal relationships, specifically Alzheimer s disease. Alzheimer s Disease is a progressive form of dementia, that damages the brain in all areas of the brain, but affects the hippocampus essential to memory and learning. Atrophy: gende rs global dysfunction progression corresponds with symptoms of the disease memory, mood, language, and recognition to daily tasks. Negative stigma surrounding mental illnesses, and misconceptions about the peopleRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease And Vascular Dementia1277 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Dementia is a chronic illness that effects millions of Americans annually with increasing numbers. The general understanding of dementia is that it affects the mind, and while it does affect the mind, entangles much more than just that. Dementia engulfs a patient s mind, family, a level of caregiving, and an involvement in research of the disease. The Mind Adults age 65 years and older make up around 13 percent of the population (39 million people). This number is likely to increaseRead MoreDementia: Intervention and Support1086 Words   |  4 PagesDementia In the United States, a total of 10% of adults aged more than sixty five have Alzheimers that is the most common form of dementia. (Powers, 2003) Dementia is merely a classification that combines together a variety of symptoms. It should be noted that these symptoms can be caused by many other diseases or could even be mistaken as signs of aging. The disease is quite debilitating and leaves the person incapable of doing the simplest tasks in life. Dementia leads to behavioral upsets andRead MoreSchizophrenia/Psychosis/Life Span948 Words   |  4 PagesSchizophrenia and Psychosis and Life Span Development Paper Shanda Walton University of Phoenix October 20, 2008 Schizophrenia translates as split mind and the psychological changes can be so profound that the affected individual is thrust into a world that bears little resemblance to everyday experience. The person with schizophrenia lives in an internal world marked by thought processes that have gone awry; delusions, hallucinations, and generally disordered thinking become the normRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease, And Vascular Dementia1565 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Dementia is considered to be discovered by a German psychiatrist by the name of Alois Alzheimer. This discovery was made during the process of his examination of a patient with unusual behavior. In that discovery he found similarities that are linked to having Alzheimer’s disease. Dementia is known as being a slow, yet steady decline of one’s mental ability. The disease eventually becomes so severe that it will interfere with one’s daily living ability. This is not one specific diseaseRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : Symptoms And Treatment Of Dementia1482 Words   |  6 Pagesother subsets of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease being one of the most well known. With the skyrocketing increase of individuals suffering from dementia will come the need for more intervention and prevention projects to help the number of individuals suffering from all forms of dementia. Even though there is an umbrella of different forms of dementia, dementia it self is a term used to describe a disease that is chronic, progressive, and terminal and each of the forms of dementia are classified inRead MoreMy First Clinical Rotation As A Nursing Student1314 Words   |  6 PagesDuring my first clinical rotation as a nursing student, I was assigned to care for several older adults suffering from dementia. Although all of my patients ranged in severity from mild to severe progression of dementia, they all experienced moments of agitation, anxiety, or disturbed behaviors related to their disease. It occurred to me after careful review of several patient charts that despite often being prescribed pharmaceutical regimes for other comorbidities, these patients were rarely prescribedRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : A Progressive And Fatal Neurodegenerative Condition2426 Words   |  10 Pagescause of dementia in older adults. When an individual has dementia they will lose cognitive functioning and have behavioral issues which can interfere in a person’s daily life and activities. Dementia can at first be mild (when it is just starting to happen) up to the severe stage, when the individual must depend on other’s to help them with all their basic needs. Memory problems can be one of the first signs of Alzheimer’s, but doesn’t always mean the person has Alzheimer’s. The symptoms that a personRead MoreNursing: Learning Theories910 Words   |  4 PagesPsychological theories of learning have been embraced in many fields including nursing. Three prominent learning theories are behavioral theory, cognitive learning theory, and social learning theory. Behavioral theory traditionally concentrates on reinforcement or punishment as a method to learn, cognitive theory concentrates on mental representations or models as a means of learning and Banduras social learning theory focuses on learning by observation, via modeling. The following three studies

Is It A Modern Energy Service - 935 Words

I do believe that the targets are relatively measurable. I see some issues with wording that might create some discussion when trying to measure the specific target. For example, target 7.1 states that by 2030, universal access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy services will be ensured. By stating ‘universal access’, this target can be taken many ways. Do they mean they want the entire population to have access by 2030? If so, this is quite a goal to accomplish within 15 years. There is also the problem of the term ‘modern energy services’. Again, what constitutes a modern energy service? Something that is currently modern may no longer be modern by 2030 when it is implemented; would that mean that the target was unsuccessful? Target 7.2 states that by 2030, there should be a substantial increase of renewable energy in the global energy mix. However, what number constitutes an increase being substantial? Some may believe a 10% increase to be substan tial while others are looking for a larger increase and would deem a 10% increase not large enough. I see the same statement of ‘modern energy services’ in 7.b, which could create the same problem unless there is a specification of what is meant by ‘modern energy services’ early on. While I do notice some problems with the wording of some of the targets, I do believe that they can be measured within the parameters that were discussed in class. If these targets are measured in terms of ecological footprint, ecosystemShow MoreRelatedEnergy, Reliable, And Modern Energy Services989 Words   |  4 Pagesreliable, and modern energy services: This target directly addresses the global issue with energy access to the poor, while also emphasizing the need to make global energy production to safer and more advanced. This includes the need to diversify the sources of energy services so that the dependency on specific harmful sources of energy, such as, coal, natural gas, or oil, is reduced. 7.2 Increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix: Although non-renewable energy sourcesRead MoreThe, Reliable And Modern Energy Services993 Words   |  4 Pagesreliable and modern energy services by 2030. This target is relatively measurable on a macro-level based on the percentage of population with access to various forms of energy, such as solid fuels, biomass, gas, and electricity. However, the qualitative terms â€Å"affordable† and â€Å"modern† would need to be clarified in order for the target to be fully measurable. Target 7.2 aims to increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix by 2030. The share of renewable energy is measurableRead MoreSustainable Energy, Reliable And Modern Energy Services1035 Words   |  5 Pageseasier access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services becomes more common. It may be indicated by end user prices, the scale of electrification in areas, and the relative share of modern energy worldwide. As for target 7.2, a figure needs to be put on the target share of renewable energy to allow for measurement against a set standard. For 7.3, improvement in overall efficiency may be tracked using a production to usage ratio or by trends in energy intensities. In regard to targets 7.a andRead MoreIs The Universal Access For Modern Energy Services? Essay922 Words   |  4 Pageswhen referring to use of energy. Having access to modern energy services is not the same as utilizing modern energy services. As long as more traditional forms o f energy are more affordable, in many developing countries those forms would take precedence. As well, in order to measure something you must have concrete determinants, and it is difficult to measure access. In target 7.2, the target is to, â€Å"increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix.† Although this targetRead MoreElectricity Is The Main Global Modern Energy Service Essay977 Words   |  4 Pagesmain global modern energy service. In poor and developing countries some people do not have access to this energy. Thus, the first target can be be measured in terms of electricity distribution; the increase in the percentage of the world population having access to reliable home electricity. 7.2 : This target can be measured by looking at global energy data. In other words, there needs to be a significant increase in the percentage of renewable energy produced over the global energy mix 7.3 :Read MoreObjectives Of The Sixth Sustainable Development Goals1259 Words   |  6 PagesEnergy access is increasingly seen as a crucial driver for social and economic development and also assists with meeting basic human needs for food and shelter (IEA, 2004). Energy was not explicitly considered in the Millennium Development Goals in 2000 or the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation in 2002. However the link between energy services and poverty reduction was clearly identified, as energy services and modern cooking fuels improved as a result (UNDP, 2005, PG.8). January 2016 will bringRead MoreModern Day Growth And Development1055 Words   |  5 Pagesplanet faces. Of the numerous environmental issues included in its schema, one is energy. More specifically, the need to warrant accessibility and affordability of modern energy to everyone across the globe. The agenda under this division of clean energy segments into multiple targets which the Division for Sustainable Development (DSD) of the United Nations hopes to achieve by the year 2030. Energy related services are an extremely substantial tool in today’s contemporary life, which brings us toRead MoreUniversal Accessibility Of Energy Services956 Words   |  4 Pagesreliable, sustainable and modern energy services by 2030 (target 7.1) and to significantly increase the amount of renewable energy services in use by that time (7.2) (U.N., 2015). These targets aim to measure the amount of the population who has access to energy and to ensure that the methods of energy are sustainable, renewable, and cost effective. As stated by U.N. in the SDGs â€Å"it is estimated that in 2015 still about 2.8 billion people have no access to modern energy services and over 1.1 billion doRead MoreSustainable Development Goals Of The United Nations957 Words   |  4 Pagesin place of the old M illennium Development Goals. Goal 7, which is related to energy and includes 5 targets, is aimed to â€Å"Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all.† Measurability of the Targets From a personal perspective, it seems that most targets within Goal 7 are measurable. The first target, â€Å"by 2030 ensure universal access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy services†, is theoretically measurable. However, as many developing countries don’t haveRead MoreAccess Of Modern Energy Is A Combination Of Three Characteristics : Availability, Affordability And Reliability1094 Words   |  5 PagesAccess to modern energy is a combination of three characteristics: availability, affordability and reliability (Reddy, 2015). We can also measure a percentage of the world population with access to affordable and reliable electricity sources (i) and the percentage of people who primarily rely on modern, non-solid fuels (ii) (Wykes et al., 2015). Combined, these two percentages are relevant indicators. The percentages of population per country with access to electricity (i) and modern non-solid fuels

The Rights Of The United States - 1203 Words

Every human is born into this world as an equal. We as Americans believe that everyone deserves and are entitled to the same rights as anyone else. But are there exceptions to the rights of citizens? Are there times when it is acceptable for citizens to be denied rights? Throughout history most nations have had some sort laws in place regarding the defense of the nation. The United States being no different, has undergone several changes throughout the course of our country’s history in regards to the rights of citizens that serve. For example in 1948 President Truman signed an Executive Order desegregating the military. Similarly, this past December Defense Secretary Ashton Carter removed a formal ban forbidding women from serve in direct combat roles. But is this a move that strengthens equality among those who serve our country, or is it merely an illusion of equality that weakens our military. This is the question we will attempt to answer. Let us first examine whether thi s act truly does create equality in the military. Women have been prevented from participating in combat roles since 1948. This act without a doubt puts women on a more equal shelf with the men they serve with, allowing them to serve in any job including infantry as well as special operations. An issue that is overlooked is that women and men are still not equals in all aspects of the military. In fact, there are many blatant segregations from men and women in the military. So then why are there notShow MoreRelatedThe Rights Of The United States851 Words   |  4 Pagesfounding fathers established the United States of America constitution, made up of twenty-seven amendments, at the constitutional convention. Fourteen years later, two-thirds majority of the state ratification, necessary to make it legal, ratified the Bill of Rights. As part of the constitution, we have individual rights. These rights include life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. With this, people from all aro und the world who come into the U.S, have the same rights as the citizens of the U.S.Read MoreThe Rights Of The United States1690 Words   |  7 Pagesmost important rights of American people. Liberty is understood as a basic right of freedom to which everyone can engage in certain actions without control or interference by a government or other power. Based on that principle, selective incorporation is a process of constitutional law in which some provisions of the Bill of Rights are nationalized to the states through the nationalization of Fourteenth Amendment, so citizens of the U.S. are ascertained to have protection from states as well as centralRead MoreThe Rights Of The United States1356 Words   |  6 PagesHuman rights are inherent to being human and essentially a right obtained by any being born in the world. These rights do not discriminate whether one was born in the United States or in Mexico. Essentially, they are what it means to be a human being, not if you are a citizen to a specific country. Lawful permanent residents of the United States prior to 1996 were eligible for public benefits programs suck as the Food Stamp Program, Medicaid, Supplemental Security Income (SSI), and Temporary AssistanceRead MoreThe Rights Of The United States1343 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing necessary to the security of a Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed†. This statement is part of the Second Amendment in the United States that shows American citizens have an authority to own a gun legally to protect themselves. Since the United States was founded in 1776, this nation has grown up connected to firearms. After wars such as World War I and World War II, war industries led the United States to become one of the powerful nations in theRead MoreThe Rights Of The United States1684 Words   |  7 Pages1). Indeed, throughout the course of history of United States, peoples’ liberty has been established as the most important aspect of American people. Liberty is understood as a basic right of freedom in which everyone can engage without control or interference by a government or other power. Based on that principle, Selective Incorporation is a process of constitutional law in which some provisions of the Bill of Rights are nationalized to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment, so citizens ofRead MoreThe Rights Of The United States1219 Words   |  5 PagesIt is well known that the United States have been seen internationally as a key actor, for better or worse, when it comes to the field of universal human rights. At the same time, recent events have shown a disassociation between the words and actions of the nation. Despite the fact that these rights are supposed to be constitutionally-protected, the United States has been criticized for repeatedly violating them not only in the past but in recent memory: criminalization of poverty and homelessnessRead MoreThe Rights Of The Unit ed States867 Words   |  4 PagesA lot of bills have been passed and written as legislation under the falsification that they would better outline the citizens freedom and guarantee their rights. Yet once in a while these laws are made with dismissal to what is expressed in our Constitution. At times they twist and distort the main purpose of the amendment, counter acting the purpose of why the Amendments was written. They were to guarantee that there would not be a rehash of what the founding fathers had encountered when theyRead MoreThe Rights Of The United States924 Words   |  4 Pagestruly making the United States â€Å"the land of the free and home of the brave†. This was for everyone including minorities. At the time of making the laws of America, the founding fathers never knew that the overwhelming issues of slavery and unequal rights would have overtaken the United States of America, even so much that it still exists today. Even leaders who also had hopes of se eing equality in America like Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr., and the Advocates for Women’s Rights to vote risked theirRead MoreThe Rights Of The United States1199 Words   |  5 PagesThe Right to What? All day all night this document printed on hemp and written with a quill, the defender of American Ideology and rights, the constitution. But to get the jest of the constitution you have to have an understanding of the Bill of Rights the first ten right written into the framework of every American person. The United States Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights is essentially the points of the Declaration of Independence our founding fathers wanted to stress as the most important.Read MoreThe Rights Of The United States854 Words   |  4 PagesHere in America, people have the right to protest and speak their views granted by the first Amendment in their Constitution. Reading or watching the news lately, there are a lot of protests happening. People are gathering and protesting so many different things all over the world right now and America is no different. However, what the media shows in America are arrests of protestors by security and police, both of which attack them at times, using pepper spray and other brutal methods. How is this

Transactional Analysis - Communication - 3356 Words

Transactional analysis Eric Berne s Transactional Analysis - early TA history and theory Transactional Analysis is one of the most accessible theories of modern psychology. Transactional Analysis was founded by Eric Berne, and the famous parent adult child theory is still being developed today. Transactional Analysis has wide applications in clinical, therapeutic, organizational and personal development, encompassing communications, management, personality, relationships and behaviour. Whether you re in business, a parent, a social worker or interested in personal development, Eric Berne s Transactional Analysis theories, and those of his followers, will enrich your dealings with people, and your understanding of yourself. This†¦show more content†¦Our parent is formed by external events and influences upon us as we grow through early childhood. We can change it, but this is easier said than done. Child Our internal reaction and feelings to external events form the Child . This is the seeing, hearing, feeling, and emotional body of data within each of us. When anger or despair dominates reason, the Child is in control. Like our Parent we can change it, but it is no easier. Adult Our Adult is our ability to think and determine action for ourselves, based on received data. The adult in us begins to form at around ten months old, and is the means by which we keep our Parent and Child under control. If we are to change our Parent or Child we must do so through our adult. In other words: †¢ Parent is our Taught concept of life †¢ Adult is our Thought concept of life †¢ Child is our Felt concept of life When we communicate we are doing so from one of our own alter ego states, our Parent, Adult or Child. Our feelings at the time determine which one we use, and at any time something can trigger a shift from one state to another. When we respond, we are also doing this from one of the three states, and it is in the analysis of these stimuli and responses that the essence of Transactional Analysis lies. A wonderful analogy - the person who had feelings story - explains how experiences and conditioning in early life affect behaviour in later life.Show MoreRelatedEssay about Transactional Analysis982 Words   |  4 Pages Transactional Analysis, according to Eric Berne is a powerful tool for human well-being. Eric Berne deals with the psychology behind our transactions. Transactional Analysis determines which ego state is implemented by the people interacting. People are made with three basic ego states, which are the parent, adult and child. Some people have a controlling ego state and others are constantly changing. All parts are needed for a well-rounded personality. The child is linked with intuitionRead MoreTransactional Analysis1117 Words   |  5 Pages Transactional Analysis Theories of Counseling Gabriele Lauer-Ballard Baker College of Jackson May 27, 2013 Transactional Analysis Transactional Analysis is one of the most accessible theories of modern psychology. Transactional Analysis was founded by Eric Berne, and the famous parent adult child theory is still being developed today. Transactional Analysis has wide applications in clinical, therapeutic, organizational and personal development, encompassing communications, managementRead MoreTeam Leadership, Team Building and Transactional Analysis as Tools of Organisational Development and Change6396 Words   |  26 PagesChandaria School of Business Masters in Business Administration Course: Leadership and Management of Change Code: BUS 6030 Semester: Fall 2011 TOPIC: TEAM LEADERSHIP, TEAM BUILDING AND TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS AS TOOLS OF ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE Group Member Adera P. Musyula Dominica G. Nkonge Lecturer: Prof Ciru Getecha Table of Contents 1.0 ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ......................................................................... 3 1.1 Importance of OrganizationRead MoreEssay on Ta and Gestalt3196 Words   |  13 PagesIn this essay I will give an explanation of my understanding of Transactional Analysis, more commonly known as ‘TA’, and the Gestalt theory to counselling, as discussed in module one, year three of the Chrysalis Counselling course. I will then apply these approaches, and demonstrate the methodology to a previous client case study, discussing what I could have achieved. I will offer a brief outline of the case in question to allow for clear understanding of the presenting issue, and the possible outcomesRead MoreExplain the Key Features of Two Therapeutic Models (Cbt and Ta)1426 Words   |  6 Pagesdefining and solving problems (1996: pg 228) Transaction Analysis (also known by its abbreviation TA) is an integrative approach to the theory of psychology and psychotherapy. It is described as integrative because it has elements of psychoanalytic, humanist and cognitive approaches. TA was first developed by Canadian-born US psychiatrist, Eric Berne, starting in the late 1950s. TA is a social psychoanalysis and a method to improve communication. Berne wanted a theory which could be understood andRead Moreï‚ § Critically Evaluate Core Transactional Analysis (T.a) Concepts and Practice4276 Words   |  18 PagesAssignment: * Critically evaluate core Transactional Analysis (T.A) concepts and practice * Assess personal and professional learning from this module. The first part of this essay starts by outlining the key concepts of T.A.; its assumptions, theory of personality and ego-states, transactions, strokes, games and the Karpman Drama Triangle, life scripts and existential life positions. It then goes onto critically evaluate core T.A. concepts and practice from the perspective of HumanisticRead MoreTransactional Analysis1180 Words   |  5 PagesTransactional Analysis Dr. Eric Berne, the originator of Transactional Analysis, has explained transaction is a unit of social intercourse. According to him, if two or more people encounter each other†¦sooner or later one of them will speak, or give some other indication of acknowledging the presence of the others. This is called transactional stimulus. Another person will then say or do something which is in some way related to stimulus, and that is called transactional response. What is transactionalRead MoreRole Of Playing Through Transactional Analysis1950 Words   |  8 PagesRole Playing through Transactional Analysis Nidhee Meshram Assistant Professor Department of English LAD and Smt RP College for Women Nagpur- 10 email-cnidhee@yahoo.co.in Mobile No.- 9823915173 Abstract Role Play is an integral part of the Communication Skills syllabus in English. All the professional courses these days include Role Plays to motivate learners about verbal, nonverbal communication leading to professionalism. The conceptRead MoreThe Role Of Investigative Workshop On My Adjacent Sides Essay1124 Words   |  5 Pagesfor ten minutes. This activity helped to recognize the skills that I need further improvement. Workshop 6: In this workshop, power issues between manager and employee were discussed. Transactional analysis is the process of understanding the interactions between individuals. There are three states in this analysis, parent ego state, adult ego state and child ego state. Parent state is very controlled since they are experienced and know the external events. Child state has the behavior of emotionRead MoreManaging and Responding to Behaviours in a Learning Environment3327 Words   |  14 Pagesdisruptive behaviour included the following: †¢ Arriving late †¢ Listening to iPoD †¢ Persistent talking †¢ Throwing objects †¢ Derogatory remarks †¢ Withdrawn attitude of a few The most disruptive of these, selected for analysis, was the derogatory behaviour of a specific group of learners who arrived late, kept talking loudly among themselves and when questioned became derogatory. They also displayed domineering characteristics. The fact that this was an afternoon session

Kierkegaard and Nietzsche Free Essays

There are a number of misconceptions many have regarding the philosophy of existentialism. Probably the most common misconception is the notion that it is a nihilistic, dark philosophy with a miserable outlook. This is a horribly inaccurate assessment as existentialism is really a philosophy of looking at life through a realistic lens. We will write a custom essay sample on Kierkegaard and Nietzsche or any similar topic only for you Order Now Of course, different people see things differently and this is why even famous, leading existentialist philosophers such as Kierkegaard and Nietzsche have diverse teaching methodologies for presenting existentialism. In order to clearly understand existentialism, one must look at some of these differences between these two existentialist philosophers. Both of these two philosophers understand that it is often perception that gets in the way of reality. That is, people will look at life their own biases and perspectives as opposed to looking at reality. Both Kierkegaard and Nietzsche understand that this inherent flaw is common among all humans and they stress that improvement of the individual can overcome this problem. Their approaches to the problem, however, lack much in terms of similarity. Probably the main difference between the two would be the notion of inward understanding vs. outward expression. For Kierkegaard, there is much internalization. That is, the individual needs to look at his or her own flaws and come to an anagnoris of that is somewhat akin to enlightenment and personal spirituality. For Nietzsche, the approach is far more humanist as the process for self improvement is found in how the person acts. That is to say, enlightenment does not come from a quasi sense of spirituality as much as it comes in personal achievement in realized goals. In a way, Nietzsche’s â€Å"superman† displays who he is through his actions. For Kierkegaard, there is internal philosophizing that creates a different perspective. This, too, can change the person but without the external displays. Individualism is a very important point for both of these philosophers. Often, existentialism is the philosophy of the self and is not concerned with collectivism. (This is one of the reasons why the philosophy is erroneously referred to as being pure narcissism) Kierkegaard, while very negative towards the notion of group think and groups, stresses that there are certain gains that can be made from within the group. This is provided, of course, that the man does not allow the group to take over his thinking. For Nietzsche it would seem there is more anger and bitterness towards the group. He has little use for collective pursuits of any kind and would prefer to shun it as opposed to Kierkegaard plays the collective for individual benefit. That is, use the flaws of the group as a guiding principle for self enlightenment. If there was any confusion present it would center on the notion that one could be self enlightened or a superman within a vacuum. That is, if you are the loner who feels â€Å"above it all† what value can that be worth if the group collective does not honor you achievements. Perhaps Kierkegaard and Nietzsche would state that whatever the group believes is worthless but most people do hope to gain value from the collective’s envy. Then again, perhaps this confusion derives from rejecting some of the isolationist tendencies of existentialism. If you are not willing to completely reject â€Å"the group† then much of existentialism will prove unappealing. Once again, while the teachings of Kierkegaard and Nietzsche in regards to promoting existentialism seek the same goal, their approaches have a number of differences. Some are overt and some are subtle. Then, some are merely a matter of perception. Heidegger But what really is the human being? While there are physical, biological and even spiritual aspects that comprise the human being most people can not put the sums together and provide a finite, conclusive answer to that very important question. Yet, it has been a question posed by many existential philosophers for many years. One existentialist who sought to provide a very unique and definitive insight to what is a human being was Heidegger/ The attempts to do so are seen in his examination of Dasein. Dasein is essentially a way of looking at the individual’s place in the world. As such, if you understand the person’s place in the world then you will understand the person. In a way, this is because a being and a being’s environment are inseparable. After all, does not environment shape the being? The interesting point that Heidegger puts forth is that throughout human history there is an unfortunate tendency by society to ignore the question of being. This is because the being is taken for granted. That is, individualism is somewhat discarded due to benign neglect. This is the result of putting far too much emphasis on society towards looking at the being on overly psychoanalytical of not overly metaphysical means. In other words, the collective has too much of a complicated definition for the being. This is often because society does not look at the being from the perspective of extreme simplicity: a human is a thinking organism prone to emotion. When a school of thought or an institution ignores this fact the ability to truly understand the being is lost. In a way, it would seem that Heidegger would hope that the being – the individual – would ignore society as it generally ignores him. That does not mean one should be dismissive or insubordinate to the rule of law. It simply means one should seek his or her own individual path and try to avoid the collective mentality and the influences it pedals. In a similar vein, there are a number of strong opinions surrounding Heidegger’s philosophy vs. Wittgenstein’s Logical Positivism. On a baseline level, Logical Positivism is a rebuke of mysticism and seeks to establish a more secular, logic based outlook on life. In a way, it is much like traditional existentialism although its approach can be somewhat more biting. What makes the comparison between Heidegger’s theories and Logical Positivism is the fact that followers of Logical Positivism often accuse Heidegger’s theories of being overly based in mysticism! This is a bizarre notion because it would infer that Heidegger’s outlook on the concept of the being was not based on humanism, Instead, it would be inferred that the being centered on mysticism. Perhaps this is because those who prescribe to Logical Positivism see concepts of â€Å"the being† as being psychoanalytical variants of mysticism and spirituality. Obviously, this was not Heidegger’s intention and such an inference would infer confusion. Perhaps this is because the Logical Positives followers would assume that there is far too much speculation inherent to answering questions regarding who or what is the being. Again, this brings us to the antagonistic attitudes certain realists may have regarding anything psychoanalytical. Perhaps to these individuals looking inward to answer questions of being might walk to close of a line towards spirituality. (Again, this is not Heidegger’s intent but this is how some critics may have defined it.) Notion of spirituality walk too closely to mysticism for followers of Logical Positivism and that is why they may very well reject Heidegger. On a basic level, however, Heidegger’s theories of the being are sound. Of course, there will be critics and that is expected, but to outright dismiss the benefits of Heidegger’s work upon cursory examination would not be the wisest path to take. 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The Concept of Corporate Social Responsibilities-Free-Samples

Question: Discuss about the Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility. Answer: Introduction: Corporate social responsibility is the form of initiative taken on behalf of the corporations for the purpose of social as well as environmental wellbeing. Large companies generally tend to implement innumerable initiatives within their business process of maintaining their business sustainability. In order to gain recognition and image for an organization business experts intend to implement CSR activities within the business process. As a result, the employers get a scope to show their social awareness for the community people. On the other hand, this kind of social consciousness helps to gain organizational goodwill. Maintaining superior quality of products as well as services is not the only way of maintaining business sustainability. Customers are from different geographical boundaries and attitudes. Therefore, the business organization has to show social consciousness in order to maintain their sustainability process. For an example, Woolworths one of the most prestigious supermarket chains of Australia has implemented numerous CSR activities in order to achieve the trust of society. In order to reduce the gender gap, Woolworths has rendered equal wage gap between male and female. At the very initial stage female employees were not treated with equal respect and designation. If one individual female employee is compatible enough in holding the higher position the authority intended to deny the matter. However, in the implementation plan of CSR 2015 Woolworths has introduced gender equity plan within the business process. This particular gender equity plan ensures that both the male and female employees at the workplace would get equal benefits as well as facilities from the business experts. Describe the main concepts: This particular study has focused to make an in-depth analysis regarding the importance of corporate social responsibility in maintaining corporate social responsibility. In this specific study the business experts have focused on evaluating four academic articles based on the numerous aspects of CSR activities. The primary aim of these four articles is to highlight on how corporate social responsibility leaves a major impact in rendering business success as well as sustainability. In this specific part, the major concepts of those four articles would be evaluated critically. The first article Corporate social responsibility, irresponsibility, and corruption: Introduction to the special section published by Putrevu et al. (2012), has depicted a vast vista about the overall impact of CSR in enhancing business proficiency. Large number of eminent scholars has shown their own opinion regarding the importance of corporate social responsibility in business enhancement. In this specific ar ticle the author has stated that business organizations tend to show innumerable responsibilities while running their entire process of business in the market. For an example, the business experts tend to focus on delivering products and services based on the market trend of local community. As a result, people belonging to other sectors are getting deprived of receiving proper services from the business experts. Naturally, global customers are showing their reluctant attitude in using the services of these business organizations. In the current business environment the business executives should always focus on maintaining equality and un-biasness. Products should not be manufactured for the people of specific culture and religious backgrounds. On the other hand, while working within the organization both male and female employees should get equal treatment from the business experts. For an example, Woolworths has reduced carbon emission to below 10 percent. In addition this specific organization is working towards zero food waste for going to landfill. This particular article has focused to evaluate the positive impact of CSR for reducing corruption of business industries. The second article Role of Corporate Social Responsibility (Csr) in Business Planning And Practice Of Croatian Companies, published by Bedenik and Labas (2011) has provided an in-depth overview about the importance of corporate social responsibility in order to maintain business image and reputation. CSR can be considered as one of the most effective business strategies and policies with the help of which business experts get the opportunity of gaining organizational goodwill. Customers show their interest in purchasing products and service after the implementation of CSR. For an example, in order to maintain sustainability 60,000 tons of food waste has been diverted from landfill. In addition , around 8,300 tons of sustainable seafood has been sold to seafood counters. The primary aim of implementing corporate social responsibility is to gain the trust of society either by showing social consciousness or by providing numerous facilities to the people. Therefore, this particular study has depicted the role of corporate social responsibility from various perspectives. As a result of implementing CSR large number of business organization has faced innumerable response from the global consumers as well. The third article CSR Communication: an Impression Management Perspective published by Tata and Prasad (2015), has portrayed the impact of management on the overall process of CSR communication. It has been observed that management has to play a major role in keeping a constant control over the entire process of CSR activities. Business managers sometimes fail to control the overall business process due to the lack of proper training and competency. In this kind of situation, the business experts fail to maintain business sustainability. This particular article has focused to make an in-depth analysis regarding the various factors that becomes a major hindrance for an organization in order to maintain corporate social responsibility at the workplace. Among most of the recognizable factors the significance of business managers are prominent. It has been observed that business organizations for implementing corporate social responsibility need proper skill and training with the help of which the entire business process can be controlled. On the other hand, the business experts need to invest large amount of money for CSR activities. If the organization fails to earn proper revenue growth from their business managers can never implement CSR activity for earning organizational goodwill. The fourth article, Business education faculty members' perceptions of the importance of CSR and sustainability in business published by Oelfke et al. (2014) has portrayed a major vista about the significance of CSR for achieving business image and reputation. It has been observed from most of the eminent scholars that corporate social responsibility ensures not only business image and reputation. The primary objective of maintaining CSR is to create social awareness for most of the people based on which they are equally benefitted. For an example, Woolworths has rendered a new strategy within their organization. The human resource managers intended to hire most of the people belonging to the community within their business process. If the people are skillful and compatible enough in providing quality services for the organization the HR managers intend to hire those people within the services. As a result, the community people are getting the first opportunity for being employed wit hin a specific organization. Strengths and weakness of the concepts: After evaluating the primary concepts of four articles it can be stated that the articles are possessed with numerous strengths and weaknesses. In this specific part the pros and cons of every single article would be critically analyzed. In the first article, Corporate social responsibility, irresponsibility, and corruption: Introduction to the special section, the author has focused to discuss on how business organizations tend to follow irresponsibility by rendering corruption within the organization. It has been observed while evaluating the article that business experts do not follow equity between male and female at the workplace. Numerous business organizations are there that cannot follow health and safety legislations at their workplace. In this kind of situation, employees working within the organization feel insecure for being associated within the organization. Therefore, various major aspects regarding the corporate social irresponsibility have been critically evaluated i n this specific study. At the same time, this article is not devoid of some of the major drawbacks as well. This specific article has avoided making a critical evaluation about the impact of corruption on the overall performance of business organization. The author has only discussed about the numerous aspects of irresponsibility as well as corruption. As a result of that corruption, the customers are showing their inmost negative attitude for purchasing their products and services. The second article Role of Corporate Social Responsibility (Csr) in Business Planning And Practice Of Croatian Companies has discussed in detailed about the importance of CSR in business planning. The author has evaluated on how business organizations are successful enough in achieving business reputation due to the emergence of CSR within strategy. The author has highlighted on how employees get benefits from CSR. On the other hand, the customers get good impression on the services of the organization. Therefore, it ultimately helps in enhancing business image and reputation. At the same time, the study fails to evaluate negative impact of managerial performance. While maintaining CSR activities the business managers need to have proper skill and knowledge. If the organizational managers fail to implement effective CSR strategies the entire performance level becomes meaningless. Therefore, the author could have focused in highlighting the negative effect managerial inefficiency as w ell. In the third article CSR Communication: an Impression Management Perspective the author has clearly stated that the contribution of management in maintaining corporate social responsibilities at the workplace is undeniable. The author in this specific article has described in detail about the role of business managers for implementing corporate social responsibility at the workplace. On the other hand, this particular article is not devoid of some of its major drawbacks as well. The author has avoided mentioning on how the business managers of several departments have to face innumerable challenges while maintaining corporate social responsibility at the workplace. The fourth article business education faculty members' perceptions of the importance of CSR and sustainability in business has critically depicted on how business sustainability and corporate social responsibility plays a major role for achieving business success. In this specific article the author has not pointed out the necessary factors that highly prevents in maintaining business sustainability. Large number of business organization fails to implement corporate social responsibility within their business organization due to the lack of economic strength. The study could have focused in discussing some other factors as well that highly prevents in maintaining business sustainability. Analyze the findings presented in the article: After evaluating four articles regarding the different aspects of corporate social responsibility it has been observed that CSR plays a significant role in maintaining overall sustainability process of an organization. After the implementation of CSR, the organization like Woolworths has maintained their sustainability. In last five years the organization was facing innumerable challenges in maintaining business image and reputation. In order to overcome this kind of situation, the business experts have decided to render some innovative business strategy and policy that would help to raise social consciousness as well. Reducing the wage gap between male and female employees is one of the most effective business strategies in maintaining equality at the workplace. Corporate social responsibility not only helps to gain organizational goodwill. At the same time, this particular business strategy is able to create a social awareness as well based on which people belonging to society get facilitated. It has been found from the evaluation of four articles that CSR plays a vital role in maintaining business reputation. If a particular individual has to face health issue the employer of that particular organization should take the responsibility of that individual. With the help of health and safety act business experts should provide necessary health facility and benefit to the employees. On the other hand, the article has critically evaluated that economy is one of the most important factors due to which large number of business organizations fail to maintain CSR at the workplace. In order to provide health facilities or any other facility to the business employees as well as customers the employers have to invest large amount of money. Therefore, before implementing CSR business experts should have economic strength. While evaluating some of the major effects of corporate social responsibility different scholars have portrayed several theories as well as concepts. The implementation of motivational theory at the workplace is highly needed for maintaining employee performance. With the help of this particular theory employees are motivated towards the business performance. Organizational sustainability is dependent on the performance level of the employees. Therefore, maintaining employee retention plan is also important for gaining image and reputation of the organization. Providing motivation to the employees along with additional benefits and facilities is also inseparable part of corporate social responsibility of an organization. In order to create a social consciousness the business experts can implement stakeholder theory as well. The implication of stakeholder theory implies that business experts should make a major concern on the overall needs and demands of the stakeholders. The success of a particular business organization is highly dependent on the feedback provided by stakeholders. Therefore, providing necessary facilities and benefits to the stakeholders is highly important for gaining their trust. While designing a particular product business experts intend to collect necessary data regarding the demands of the stakeholders. As per the current market demands the products are prepared. Therefore, stakeholder analysis is important for fulfilling the desires of stakeholders. Conclusion: The entire study has focused to make an in-depth analysis about the importance of corporate social responsibility in maintaining social awareness as well as business sustainability. Four contemporary articles written by numerous eminent scholars have been selected for this particular study in order to critically evaluate about the positive as well as negative impact of Corporate Social Responsibility in maintaining business sustainability. The entire study primarily focuses to give an in-depth overview about both the positive and negative impact of CSR on business development. Large number of scholars has provided their own opinion regarding the role of corporate social responsibility. The four articles with the help of critical evaluation have focused to analyze the major barriers of implementing corporate social responsibility at the workplace. Reference List: Bedenik, N. Labas, D., 2011. Role Of Corporate Social Responsibility (Csr) In Business Planning And Practice Of Croatian Companies. Trziste = Market, 23(2), pp.143164. Oelfke, A. et al., 2014. Business education faculty members' perceptions of the importance of CSR and sustainability in business. Business education faculty members' perceptions of the importance of CSR and sustainability in business, pp.ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Putrevu et al., 2012. Corporate social responsibility, irresponsibility, and corruption: Introduction to the special section. Journal of Business Research, 65(11), pp.16181621. Tata, J. Prasad, S., 2015. CSR Communication: An Impression Management Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 132(4), pp.765778.